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Water Use and Impacts Due Ethanol Production in Brazil
Ethanol production from sugar cane crops uses significant amount of water in the agricultural and industrial processing phases. Most of the sugar cane plantations in Brazil rely on natural irrigation complemented by partial fertiirrigation, carried out mainly to manage water wastes, limiting their production to regions where reasonable rainfall index occurs. Sugar cane processing to ethanol uses water collected mainly from surface water flows and, in few cases, from underground natural reservoirs for many different activities and it become contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants.
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